Chicago style guidelines require either a full bibliography of all the works consulted during your research or a reference list of sources cited specifically in your paper. Turabian is a student version of Chicago style.
Two Citation Styles
Chicago style comes in two citation styles: author-date and notes-bibliography With author-date, you list all cited sources. By comparison, with notes-bibliography, you list all consulted sources.
Author-Date
Write a reference list for an author-date style paper. Use the title “References” at the top of the page.
Notes-Bibliography
Write a bibliography of all works consulted for the notes-bibliography style. Center the title “Bibliography” at the top of the page.
Bibliography Format
Follow the same format for a reference page or bibliography page.
Format each citation entry following these rules:
- Invert the first author’s name (e.g., Doe, John).
- List all other authors normally (e.g., John Doe).
- Use headline style capitalization for titles (e.g., The Title of the Book).
- Place titles in quotes for short works (like articles) or italics for long works (like books).
- Insert the word “and” between authors’ names.
- Add https://doi.org/ before the DOI.
Format your bibliography page following these rules:
- Center the title at the top of the page.
- Leave two blank lines between the title and first entry.
- Use a hanging indent if the citation entry is more than one line.
- Single space the entries.
- Leave one blank line between entries.
- Follow the letter by letter alphabetizing method.
Example
Bibliography
Kantor, Fred S. 1994. “Disarming Lyme Disease.” Scientific American 271, no. 3:34-39.
Krause, Richard M. 1999. “The Origin of Plagues: Old and New.” Science 257:1073-78
Langman, Rodney E. 1989. The Immune System. San Diego: Academic Press.
Longmate, Norman. 1966. King Cholera: The Biography of a Disease. London: Hamish Hamilton.
Oksi, Jarrno, Merja Marjamaki, Jukka Nikoskelainen, and Matti K. Viljanen. 1999. “Bowelia Burgorferi Detected by Culture and PCR in Clinical Relapse of Disseminated Lyme Borreliosis.” Annals of Medicine 31, no. 3:225-232. https://publications.ledroitdeguerir.com/p/oksi1999
Vojdani, Aristo. 2008. Methods and Kit for Diagnosing Tick Borne Illnesses. U.S. Patent 7,390,626, issued (June 24, 2008). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/a1/e9/e6/0c40fa57e806ee/US7390626.pdf
Vojdani, Aristo, Frank Hebroni, Yaniv Raphael, Jonathan Erde, and Bernard Raxlen. 2009. “Novel Diagnosis of Lyme Disease: Potential for CAM Intervention.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 6, no. 3: 283-295.
Finalizing Your Paper
Before you submit your school paper, check to make sure all the parenthetical citations match with a source citation in your bibliography. If you are writing a bibliography, you may include sources you consulted but didn’t cite in your paper.
Your professor or teacher will provide you with an assignment rubric. This may contain formatting instructions. So, be sure to follow your teacher’s rules.